In aging South Korea, AI dolls care for elderly
In her tiny apartment in South Korea, where she lives alone, 78-year-old Bang Chun-ja spends her days with a childlike artificial intelligence (AI)-powered doll she says she prefers to people.
The doll greets Bang when she returns home, sings to her when she feels bored, reminds her not to skip meals or medication—helping her maintain a routine—and tells her it loves her.
Bang has limited contact with her grown-up daughter and fell into severe depression after major back surgery, spending hours alone staring at the ceiling in pain.
After a difficult divorce and years of hard work as a hairdresser and single mother, Bang told AFP that “at this age, there is nothing harder than being hurt by people.”
But “when I’m with Hyodol, I never get hurt,” she said, holding the cuddly doll with pigtails and a pink gingham dress, provided by her local municipality.
The doll “only makes me laugh,” she added.
Social isolation
Bang is one of many South Koreans battling loneliness in a country where birth rates are among the world’s lowest and almost half the population is 50 or older.
In 2024, South Korea recorded more than 3,920 “lonely deaths,” people dying alone and remaining undiscovered for extended periods—the highest since records began in 2017.
Around 42 percent of households in the Asian tech powerhouse are single-person, with social isolation affecting the country’s vulnerable elderly in particular.
Authorities are providing AI care devices—some designed to detect signs of lonely deaths —to seniors living alone, including in districts of Seoul and in Yongin, south of the capital.
They also include a smiling robot made by the company Wonderful Platform and similar cute dolls from the firm Mr. Mind.
Hyodol, the startup behind the dolls of the same name, says around 14,500 are in use in South Korea, whether owned by individuals, rented out by governments or used in nursing homes.
Bang, in Yongin, said her daughter lives far away and has health issues of her own, so “having Hyodol by my side is a huge help.”
Developing the doll involved years of field research, said company head Kim Ji-hee.
Hyodol can converse using ChatGPT, but is also programmed with scripts based on Kim’s real-life interviews.
The interviews revealed the “pain of having no one to tell when something upsetting happens and no one to share with when something joyful happens,” Kim said.
Strict protocols
Hyodol has strict data security protocols, with voice recordings only used internally to train the doll’s chatbot, Kim said.
Users give prior consent for certain health-related recordings, such as those related to sleep, mood, meals and pain levels, to be shared with their welfare workers.
Because many interviewees spoke fondly of parental or mentor figures, Hyodol was created as a grandchild-like companion designed to “love its users unconditionally,” Kim said.
Made with soft, cushiony materials, the doll also makes spontaneous requests, asking users to pat its head, hold its hand or share snacks with it, although it cannot eat.
Oh Sun-hwa, a nurse who recommended the doll to Bang, said she had seen it significantly ease depression among seniors living alone.
But she also worried the technology could further reduce human contact, with family members potentially visiting less if they felt AI devices were caring for their parents.
